Departmental Advisors
Undergraduate Studies
S. Ferguson
BEH S 1201
AuD Graduate Advisor
S. Naidu
BEH S 1201
SLP Graduate Advisor
R. Kraemer
BEH S 1201
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Departmental Notes

Please come to the main office, BEH S 1201 or call 581-6725 to schedule an appointment.

For course descriptions and pre-requisite information click on the subject column next to the appropriate catalog number.

Class Details

CSD 1010 - 090 Introduction to CSD

This is an online course, which does not have a specific meeting time or location throughout the semester. For additional information, please visit https://online.utah.edu/about-online-learning/. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/drop.php or contact the Registrar's Office at (801)581-8969.

CSD 1010 - 090 Introduction to CSD

  • Class Number: 1993
  • Instructor: CAMERON, ROSALEA
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: Online
  • Units: 3.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 21
Class Details
This is an online course, which does not have a specific meeting time or location throughout the semester. For additional information, please visit https://online.utah.edu/about-online-learning/. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/drop.php or contact the Registrar's Office at (801)581-8969.
Online
Class Details

CSD 4400 - 090 Language Science

  • Class Number: 4441
  • Instructor: CHRISTOPULOS, TYLER
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: Online
  • Units: 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Fees: $51.89
  • Seats Available: 8
  • View Feedback
This is an online course, which does not have a specific meeting time or location throughout the semester. For additional information, please visit https://online.utah.edu/about-online-learning/. The course fee covers digital course materials through the Inclusive Access program. Students may request to opt out here: https://portal.verba.io/utah/login

CSD 4400 - 090 Language Science

  • Class Number: 4441
  • Instructor: CHRISTOPULOS, TYLER
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: Online
  • Units: 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Fees: $51.89
  • Seats Available: 8
Class Details
This is an online course, which does not have a specific meeting time or location throughout the semester. For additional information, please visit https://online.utah.edu/about-online-learning/. The course fee covers digital course materials through the Inclusive Access program. Students may request to opt out here: https://portal.verba.io/utah/login
Online
Class Details

CSD 4401 - 001 Lab Language Science

  • Class Number: 6572
  • Instructor: CHRISTOPULOS, TYLER
  • Component: Laboratory
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 78
  • View Feedback
Required online lab to be taken in conjunction with CSD 4400.

CSD 4401 - 001 Lab Language Science

  • Class Number: 6572
  • Instructor: CHRISTOPULOS, TYLER
  • Component: Laboratory
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 78
Class Details
Required online lab to be taken in conjunction with CSD 4400.
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 4800 - 001 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 1935
  • Instructor: REDMOND, SEAN
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 5.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 2

CSD 4800 - 001 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 1935
  • Instructor: REDMOND, SEAN
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 5.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 2
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
CEL Class Details

CSD 6410 - 001 Cult Comp Interpreters

  • Class Number: 4939
  • Instructor: Kraemer, Robert
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 2.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 17
  • View Feedback
Meeting dates: June 7, 14, 21, 28, July 5 and 12. Class will be held in the Clinic Classroom, 417 Wakara Room 1903. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php

CSD 6410 - 001 Cult Comp Interpreters

  • Class Number: 4939
  • Instructor: Kraemer, Robert
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 2.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 17
CEL Class Details
Meeting dates: June 7, 14, 21, 28, July 5 and 12. Class will be held in the Clinic Classroom, 417 Wakara Room 1903. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php
Days / Times Locations
T/09:00AM-12:00PM
Meets from 06/07/2022 to 07/12/2022 		TBA . TBA .
Class Details

CSD 6710 - 001 Clin Prac Sp-Lng

  • Class Number: 1965
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Clinical
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 42
  • View Feedback
Class meets at the clinic at 417 Wakara Way. Students must be available to meet with clients Monday through Friday 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM when not in class.

CSD 6710 - 001 Clin Prac Sp-Lng

  • Class Number: 1965
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Clinical
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 42
Class Details
Class meets at the clinic at 417 Wakara Way. Students must be available to meet with clients Monday through Friday 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM when not in class.
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 6720 - 001 Clinical Internship Aud

  • Class Number: 1966
  • Instructor: LOBDELL, ANNE
  • Component: Clinical
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 39
  • View Feedback
Audiology Clinic meeting is at the clinic at 417 Wakara Way in Room 2111B. Thursdays 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm.

CSD 6720 - 001 Clinical Internship Aud

  • Class Number: 1966
  • Instructor: LOBDELL, ANNE
  • Component: Clinical
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 39
Class Details
Audiology Clinic meeting is at the clinic at 417 Wakara Way in Room 2111B. Thursdays 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm.
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 6720 - 002 Clinical Internship Aud

  • Class Number: 4169
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Clinical
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 50
  • View Feedback
Class meets at 417 Wakara Way.

CSD 6720 - 002 Clinical Internship Aud

  • Class Number: 4169
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Clinical
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 50
Class Details
Class meets at 417 Wakara Way.
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 6800 - 001 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 3271
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 10
  • View Feedback

CSD 6800 - 001 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 3271
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 10
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 6815 - 001 Special Topics SLP

  • Class Number: 5694
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Special Topics
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 6.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 12
  • View Feedback
Class will meet Tuesdays, May 17, 24 and 31 in the Clinic Classroom, 417 Wakara Room 1903.

CSD 6815 - 001 Special Topics SLP

  • Class Number: 5694
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Special Topics
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 6.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 12
Class Details
Class will meet Tuesdays, May 17, 24 and 31 in the Clinic Classroom, 417 Wakara Room 1903.
Days / Times Locations
T/09:00AM-12:00PM
Meets from 05/17/2022 to 05/31/2022 		SW 133
Class Details

CSD 6820 - 001 Intensive Stuttering Clinic

Contact Julia Lidgard to find out when and where you will meet. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php

CSD 6820 - 001 Intensive Stuttering Clinic

  • Class Number: 1967
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Instructor: LIDGARD, JULIA
  • Component: Special Topics
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 0.5 - 5.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 6
Class Details
Contact Julia Lidgard to find out when and where you will meet. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 6830 - 001 Counseling Comm Disord

  • Class Number: 3429
  • Instructor: CANTOR, MARK M
  • Component: Discussion
  • Type: Interactive Video Conferencing
  • Units: 1.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 15
  • View Feedback
This class will be taught Tuesday and Thursdays, July 14,19, 21, and 26, 9:00 am to 12:00 pm via zoom/canvas meetings. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php

CSD 6830 - 001 Counseling Comm Disord

  • Class Number: 3429
  • Instructor: CANTOR, MARK M
  • Component: Discussion
  • Type: Interactive Video Conferencing
  • Units: 1.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 15
Class Details
This class will be taught Tuesday and Thursdays, July 14,19, 21, and 26, 9:00 am to 12:00 pm via zoom/canvas meetings. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php
Days / Times Locations
TH/09:00AM-12:00PM
Meets from 07/14/2022 to 07/26/2022 		CANVAS .
Class Details

CSD 6940 - 001 Clinical Rotation

  • Class Number: 1968
  • Instructor: NAIDU, SUSAN
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 33
  • View Feedback

CSD 6940 - 001 Clinical Rotation

  • Class Number: 1968
  • Instructor: NAIDU, SUSAN
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 33
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 6970 - 002 Proj/Thesis Research MS

  • Class Number: 8738
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Special Projects
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 6.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
  • View Feedback

CSD 6970 - 002 Proj/Thesis Research MS

  • Class Number: 8738
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Special Projects
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 6.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7210 - 001 Prof Practice Audiology

  • Class Number: 8728
  • Instructor: PAGE, MICHAEL
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 23
  • View Feedback
Class meets at 417 Wakara, Room 2124, Tuesday and Thursday beginning May 17 and ending on June 23.

CSD 7210 - 001 Prof Practice Audiology

  • Class Number: 8728
  • Instructor: PAGE, MICHAEL
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 23
Class Details
Class meets at 417 Wakara, Room 2124, Tuesday and Thursday beginning May 17 and ending on June 23.
Days / Times Locations
TH/04:30PM-07:30PM
Meets from 05/17/2022 to 06/23/2022 		417 WA 1903
Class Details

CSD 7410 - 001 Cog Comm Disorders

This class will meet Thursdays May 19, 26, June 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 from 8:00am-11:30am in the Clinic Classroom, 417 Wakara Room 1903.

CSD 7410 - 001 Cog Comm Disorders

  • Class Number: 6088
  • Instructor: CAMERON, ROSALEA
  • Component: Lecture
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 2.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 12
Class Details
This class will meet Thursdays May 19, 26, June 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 from 8:00am-11:30am in the Clinic Classroom, 417 Wakara Room 1903.
Days / Times Locations
H/08:00AM-11:30AM
Meets from 05/19/2022 to 06/30/2022 		TBA . TBA .
Class Details

CSD 7700 - 001 Advanced S/L Practicum

  • Class Number: 2437
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 5.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 26
  • View Feedback
SLP Clinic meeting is held Monday from 1:30 to 2:45 p.m. via Zoom/Canvas.

CSD 7700 - 001 Advanced S/L Practicum

  • Class Number: 2437
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 5.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 26
Class Details
SLP Clinic meeting is held Monday from 1:30 to 2:45 p.m. via Zoom/Canvas.
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7710 - 001 Extern Prac-Slp

  • Class Number: 1975
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 1.0 - 8.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 30
  • View Feedback

CSD 7710 - 001 Extern Prac-Slp

  • Class Number: 1975
  • Instructor: MYERS, BRETT
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 1.0 - 8.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 30
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7720 - 001 Clinical Externship

  • Class Number: 1976
  • Instructor: NAIDU, SUSAN
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 40
  • View Feedback

CSD 7720 - 001 Clinical Externship

  • Class Number: 1976
  • Instructor: NAIDU, SUSAN
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: Hybrid & IVC
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 40
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7750 - 003 Thesis Research-Ph.D.

  • Class Number: 1979
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Thesis Research
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 2

CSD 7750 - 003 Thesis Research-Ph.D.

  • Class Number: 1979
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Thesis Research
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 2
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7800 - 001 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 1981
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 50
  • View Feedback

CSD 7800 - 001 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 1981
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 50
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7800 - 011 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 9176
  • Instructor: FERGUSON, SARAH
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 9
  • View Feedback

CSD 7800 - 011 Independent Study

  • Class Number: 9176
  • Instructor: FERGUSON, SARAH
  • Component: Independent Study
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 9
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7825 - 001 Seminar: Hearing

Class meets at 417 Wakara, Clinic Classroom, May 19 to June 23.

CSD 7825 - 001 Seminar: Hearing

  • Class Number: 6452
  • Instructor: Calderwood, Jill
  • Instructor: HAYES, FIONA M
  • Component: Seminar
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 29
Class Details
Class meets at 417 Wakara, Clinic Classroom, May 19 to June 23.
Days / Times Locations
H/01:00PM-04:00PM TBA . TBA .
Class Details

CSD 7825 - 002 Collaboration in Ed Audiology

  • Class Number: 8430
  • Instructor: Smith, Makanda
  • Component: Seminar
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 16
  • View Feedback
Please register for 1 credit. The instructor will coordinate specific dates and times for this course and notify students prior to the beginning of the semester.

CSD 7825 - 002 Collaboration in Ed Audiology

  • Class Number: 8430
  • Instructor: Smith, Makanda
  • Component: Seminar
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 16
Class Details
Please register for 1 credit. The instructor will coordinate specific dates and times for this course and notify students prior to the beginning of the semester.
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7835 - 001 Prj ASSIST Intrdscpln Collab

CSD 7835 - 001 Prj ASSIST Intrdscpln Collab

  • Class Number: 8879
  • Instructor: CULVER, SAMANTHA
  • Instructor: Pilling, Nicole
  • Component: Seminar
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 3.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7840 - 001 Educational Audiology

  • Class Number: 5153
  • Instructor: Smith, Makanda
  • Component: Seminar
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 2.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Fees: $144.95
  • Seats Available: 18
  • View Feedback
Meets at 417 Wakara, room 2111B. May 16th to June 22nd. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php The course fee covers digital course materials through the Inclusive Access program. Students may request to opt out here: https://portal.verba.io/utah/login

CSD 7840 - 001 Educational Audiology

  • Class Number: 5153
  • Instructor: Smith, Makanda
  • Component: Seminar
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 2.0
  • Wait List: No
  • Fees: $144.95
  • Seats Available: 18
Class Details
Meets at 417 Wakara, room 2111B. May 16th to June 22nd. To determine the last day to drop this miscellaneous course, see http://registrar.utah.edu/handbook/miscellaneous.php The course fee covers digital course materials through the Inclusive Access program. Students may request to opt out here: https://portal.verba.io/utah/login
Days / Times Locations
MW/04:30PM-06:30PM TBA . TBA .
Class Details

CSD 7935 - 001 Doc Instruction Methods

  • Class Number: 1985
  • Instructor: ROY, NELSON
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 4.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 10
  • View Feedback

CSD 7935 - 001 Doc Instruction Methods

  • Class Number: 1985
  • Instructor: ROY, NELSON
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 4.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 10
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7940 - 001 Research Pract Ph.D.

  • Class Number: 3629
  • Instructor: JENNINGS, SKYLER
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
  • View Feedback

CSD 7940 - 001 Research Pract Ph.D.

  • Class Number: 3629
  • Instructor: JENNINGS, SKYLER
  • Component: Practicum
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 0.5 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7970 - 001 Doc Dissert Research

  • Class Number: 3700
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Thesis Research
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
  • View Feedback

CSD 7970 - 001 Doc Dissert Research

  • Class Number: 3700
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Thesis Research
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7970 - 002 Doc Dissert Research

  • Class Number: 3991
  • Instructor: JENNINGS, SKYLER
  • Component: Thesis Research
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
  • View Feedback

CSD 7970 - 002 Doc Dissert Research

  • Class Number: 3991
  • Instructor: JENNINGS, SKYLER
  • Component: Thesis Research
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 1.0 - 9.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 5
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Class Details

CSD 7990 - 001 Cont. Regist. Ph.D.

  • Class Number: 1986
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Continuing Registration
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 0.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 10

CSD 7990 - 001 Cont. Regist. Ph.D.

  • Class Number: 1986
  • Instructor: BLOMGREN, MICHAEL
  • Component: Continuing Registration
  • Type: In Person
  • Units: 0.0
  • Requisites: Yes
  • Wait List: No
  • Seats Available: 10
Class Details
Days/times/locations to be arranged by instructor
Seating availability for all CSD classes